Phases of Ethical Hacking

Over 24,000 cyber security incidents occurred globally between November 2020 and October 2021.

Behind these attacks are people who are usually called black hat hackers or simply hackers. Because of these hackers, organizations worldwide work hard to enhance their security systems. 

This is where Ethical hackers, a.k.a white hat hackers come in. These hackers enter a system with the owner's consent to identify any vulnerabilities or security issues. 

In addition to fixing the security backdoors, laying out plans to further improve or tighten a computer system's security is also part of their job description. To do this, ethical hackers follow different phases. 

In this article, learn these different phases and understand how ethical hackers counter harmful cyber attacks. 

Ethical Hacking & Its Five Phases

There are at least five phases of hacking: reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and clearing tracks. 

Below are the five phases of hacking and their definitions. 

Reconnaissance/Footprinting

Reconnaissance or footprinting in ethical hacking is the first phase of ethical hacking and is also the most important. 

Here, the hacker gathers information and gets to know the target systems through footprinting, scanning, and enumeration.

There are two parts where reconnaissance occurs: active and passive.

Active reconnaissance is where the ethical hacker interacts directly with the computer system to acquire information that can be relevant and accurate. 

However, using this without permission may have a risk of getting detected. The system’s administration can trail your activities and take severe action against you.

On the other hand, passive reconnaissance does not require the hacker to connect directly to a target's computer system. The hacker can instead search for information about the target through an online database, and the target will not be alerted.

Scanning

The scanning phase in ethical hacking is about:

• identifying live hosts, ports, and services, 
• learning the operating system (OS) and architecture of the target system, and 
• spotting vulnerabilities and threats in the network are all accomplished by scanning.

Vulnerability scanners are the most often used tools because they can search a target network for several known vulnerabilities and potentially detect thousands more. 

As a result, attackers have gained a time advantage over system administrators, who must apply patches to numerous vulnerable areas while also having to discover a single entry point.

Gaining Access

In the third phase, the hacker locates a vulnerable area and attempts to exploit it to enter the system using different tools and methods. When the hacker is in the system, he needs to increase his privilege to the administrator level to install the application that he needs or can modify or hide his data.

Maintaining access

The goal of maintaining access in ethical hacking is to allow the hacker to stay in the targeted systems. This is until he gathers the data he deems valuable and successfully extracts it from the system. 

Here, the hacker can keep the backdoor accessible by installing a hidden infrastructure like trojan horses, rootkits, and channels.

Clearing tracks

To identify an intelligent and skillful hacker is when he leaves no evidence leading to him. 

To accomplish this phase, the attacker must uninstall all the applications he used and any folders they may have created. Additionally, the value of logs and registry entries must be deleted, changed, or corrupted.

This phase is somehow an extension of the maintaining access phase. Here, however, the hacker covers his tracks to help avoid detection while maintaining access to it.

There are other steps that a hacker can integrate into the process, but these are the typical phases in the ethical hacking methodology.

Strong technical expertise in computer networks, systems, and optimal security procedures is necessary for ethical hacking. 

To be an ethical hacker, you can get a CEH Certification to learn about the latest cybersecurity threats and improve your skills for different types of ethical hacking.

Types of Ethical Hacking

Ethical hacking is a complicated procedure that involves a combination of skills, tactics, and approaches to verify the security of a company's computer systems. 

In terms of cyber security procedures, there are several types of hacking, including:

• Web Application Hacking - It takes advantage of security flaws in web applications to change data, obtain unauthorized access, or carry out other nefarious tasks. 
• System Hacking - System hacking is the practice of gaining access to a computer system or network by taking advantage of its flaws
• Web Server Hacking: This type of cyberattack targets web servers It is a hostile attempt to enter a web server without authorization to steal data, take over the server, or disrupt services. 
• Hacking Wireless Networks - This is an attack against wireless networks or access points that provide sensitive data, including authentication attacks, wifi passwords, admin portal access, and other information of a similar nature. A hacker can access the system nearby since wireless networks use radio waves to transmit data.
• Social Engineering - This attack refers to all methods used to convince a target to divulge sensitive details or carry out a particular action for questionable motives. Criminals utilize eugenics because targeting your natural difficulty trusting is typically more straightforward than figuring out how to spoof your device.

Ethical hacking's main goal is to spot potential security risks and address them before it is exploited for nefarious purposes by other hackers. This testing involves several phases, which will be discussed in the next section.

Wrapping Up

Having your business hacked by malicious actors, called black hat hackers, can cost much money and valuable information. 

Ethical hacking is beneficial to establishments because it allows them to spot issues and help companies with their security needs.